Daniel Hubbard

Description

Between 1753 and 1774, John Singleton Copley painted 350 portraits, primarily of Bostonians. He was largely self-taught, his only formal training from his stepfather Peter Pelham, an English artist who specialized in mezzotint engraving. Pelham encouraged Copley to produce his own mezzotints and to learn to draw by copying English prints. By the time Daniel Hubbard (1764) and Mrs. Daniel Hubbard (Mary Greene) (c. 1764; 1947.28) were produced, the artist had established a popular portrait style featuring individualized faces and luxurious fabrics. A decade later, Copley left colonial Massachusetts for England to further his career and simultaneously escape the strong political divides among family, friends, and patrons amid the impending Revolution.

Provenance

Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Hubbard, Boston, from 1764 to 1796; by descent to Mrs. Daniel Hubbard, Boston, from 1796 to 1808; by descent to Henry Hubbard, Boston, from 1808 to 1844; by descent to Mary Greene Hubbard, Boston, from 1844 to 1882; by descent to William Scollay Whitwell, Boston, from 1882 to 1899; by descent to his daughter Mary Hubbard Whitwell, Brookline, Mass, from 1899 to 1908; by descent to her sister, Mrs. William Tudor (Elizabeth Whitwell), Boston, from 1908 to 1929; by descent to her son, Henry Dubois Tudor, Cambridge, MA, from 1929 to 1947; the Art Institute of Chicago, 1947.

Daniel Hubbard

John Singleton Copley

1764

Accession Number

59784

Medium

Oil on canvas

Dimensions

127.2 × 100.8 cm (50 1/8 × 39 11/16 in.)

Classification

Painting

Museum

The Art Institute of Chicago

Chicago, United States

Credit Line

Art Institute of Chicago Purchase Fund

Background & Context

Background Story

John Singleton Copley's Daniel Hubbard (1764) is an oil on canvas portrait of a Boston merchant. Copley was at the height of his American career in the 1760s, producing the portraits that would establish him as the most accomplished painter in the colonies. This portrait of Daniel Hubbard shows the sitter with the directness and clarity that characterize Copley's finest American works. The features are rendered with extraordinary precision, the textures of skin, hair, and fabric captured with remarkable skill. The sitter's expression is alert and intelligent. The palette is restrained, with the dark tones of the costume set against a more neutral background. This portrait belongs to the period when Copley's American style was at its peak, before the political tensions of the Revolution and his move to England transformed his art. The portrait of Daniel Hubbard is both a document of colonial Boston's merchant elite and a masterpiece of American colonial painting.

Cultural Impact

Copley's portraits of the 1760s represent the peak of his American style, combining extraordinary technical precision with penetrating psychological observation.

Why It Matters

This portrait of Daniel Hubbard captures the intelligence and prosperity of a Boston merchant with Copley's characteristic precision, the careful rendering of features and textures creating an image of remarkable presence.