Helmet Mask (Banda or Kumbaduba)

Description

This massive headdress is always worn by a man, who bears its enormous weight while performing a vigorous dance imitating the movements of various animals. Representing a powerful spiritual being, this horizontal mask combines human and animal features including a crocodile’s jaw, a woman’s face and hairdo, an antelope’s horns, a serpent’s body, and a chameleon’s tail. Today the mask is danced only during special events such as visits from dignitaries or New Year’s Day, but it was originally used to protect against crocodile attacks and other human and supernatural threats. Previously, banda (or kumbaruba) also danced on joyous occasions such as weddings and harvest and planting celebrations. Some villages owned different masks that would appear together in one performance, either sequentially or simultaneously.

Provenance

Jacqueline and Maurice Nicaud (died 2004), Paris, France, by 1956 [collected in situ according to Lamp 1996, p. 146] to at least 1975 [Rivière 1975, p. 170]; sold on commission by Marceau Rivière, Galerie Sao, Paris, France. Merton Simpson, Merton D. Simpson Gallery, New York, N.Y., probably in early 1980s [according to note in curatorial file]; Marc and Denyse Ginzberg, Rye, N.Y., by early 1980s; sold on commission by the Donald Morris Gallery, New York, N.Y. and Birmingham, Mich., to the Art Institute, 1997.

Helmet Mask (Banda or Kumbaduba)

Baga

Mid–20th century

Accession Number

146940

Medium

Wood and pigment

Dimensions

156.3 × 35.6 × 33.1 cm (61 1/2 × 14 × 13 in.)

Classification

masks

Museum

The Art Institute of Chicago

Chicago, United States

Credit Line

The Art Institute of Chicago, Purchased with funds provided by Marilynn B. Alsdorf and the Alsdorf Foundation