Mars, the Roman god of war, was viewed as both a warrior and a guardian of the Roman people. He is identified by his distinctive helmet, which is richly carved with imagery reflecting his martial role. The sides depict griffins, winged beasts associated with his vengeful nature, while the cheek pieces are each adorned with an image of Cupid carrying a spear and shield. Mars had a complicated romantic rela-tionship with Cupid’s mother, Venus, the Roman goddess of love, whose domain also included warfare and military victory.